Case File 04

Business Opportunities and Income Claims: Reading the Numbers Behind the Pitch

Earnings disclaimers, cherry-picked top-earner examples, and what a Franchise Disclosure Document actually has to show.

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"Six figures in your first year" is a claim, not a guarantee, and the FTC requires specific documentation before a business opportunity can legally make that kind of promise. This section walks through how to read an income disclosure statement, why the highlighted success story on a sales page is rarely the typical outcome, and what questions to ask before paying a startup fee, licensing fee, or inventory minimum. We treat multi-level marketing, franchise pitches, and "passive income" course funnels under the same lens: what's the real, typical, documented result, not the best one anyone has ever gotten.

See also: Deceptive Advertising and Fake Reviews and Testimonials, or browse everything in Red Flag Rants.

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Common questions

Are business opportunities required to disclose average earnings?

Under the FTC's Business Opportunity Rule, sellers must give prospective buyers a disclosure document before any money changes hands. If the seller makes specific earnings claims, they must have a reasonable basis and make supporting substantiation available on request.

What's the difference between a top-earner example and a typical result?

A top-earner example describes the best outcome among possibly thousands of participants. A typical result, when disclosed, usually shows most participants earn far less, and in many MLM income disclosures, a majority earn close to nothing after expenses.

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